ST02 (Memory Management)

Memory Management (ST02) in SAP Basis

ST02: Buffer/Memory Areas

Purpose: ST02 (Tune Summary / Buffer Monitor) is a critical transaction in SAP Basis used to monitor and analyze the performance of various memory buffers and areas within the SAP application server. It provides a snapshot of memory usage, hits/misses, and swap rates for different buffers, allowing administrators to identify memory bottlenecks, tune parameters, and optimize system performance.

How SAP Memory Management Works (Overview):

SAP application servers manage their own memory to optimize performance and reduce database I/O. This memory is divided into several areas (buffers) for different purposes:

Program Buffer (PXA Buffer): Stores compiled ABAP programs, screens, and function modules. High "swaps" here indicate too small a buffer, leading to frequent reloading of programs from the database.
Nametab Buffers: Store definitions of database tables (DDIC information).
- Table Definition Buffer (TABL): For transparent table definitions.
- Field Definition Buffer (TABF): For field definitions of transparent tables.
- Initial Records Table Buffer (TABLP): For initial records of transparent tables.
- Program Load Information Buffer (CUA): For GUI statuses and menus.
- Screen Buffer (SCRR): For screen definitions.
Generic Buffer (GEN_BUFFER / Roll/Paging Area): Stores frequently accessed data objects not covered by other specific buffers. It's often associated with the roll and paging areas.
Roll Area: Used for context changes when a work process switches between different user sessions (e.g., during RFC calls or dialog steps). Data is rolled out of the work process's local memory into the roll area.
Paging Area: Used for storing internal tables and large data objects that exceed the available roll area or local memory of a work process. Data is paged out to this area.
Extended Memory (EM): A shared, global memory area used by all work processes. It's the primary memory area for user contexts (user data, program variables). If a work process exhausts its extended memory quota, it typically enters "private mode" (Priv status in SM50) and starts using heap memory.
Heap Memory (Private Memory): Allocated individually to each work process when it exhausts its extended memory quota or when specifically requested by certain ABAP statements (e.g., IMPORT ... FROM MEMORY). Private mode work processes are inefficient as their memory cannot be shared.

Key Information Displayed in ST02:

ST02 shows a summary of all buffers and memory areas. For each buffer, it displays:

Size (KB): Configured size of the buffer.
Free (KB / %): Amount of free space in the buffer. Low free space indicates the buffer is too small.
Hits (%): Percentage of requests found in the buffer (good). High hit ratio is desirable.
Swaps / Misses: Number of times data was not found in the buffer and had to be reloaded from disk/database. High swaps/misses indicate an undersized buffer.
Allocated (for Memory Areas like EM, Roll, Paging): Total allocated memory.
Used: Currently used memory.
Max Use: Peak memory usage since the last reset or instance restart.
Warnings/Errors (Status): Indicated by color (Yellow/Red) in the "Swaps" column or specific messages.

Colors in ST02:

Green: Buffer is well-sized, good hit ratio, no significant swaps.
Yellow: Warning threshold reached (e.g., swaps exceeding a certain limit). Requires attention.
Red: Critical threshold reached (e.g., severe swaps, buffer full). Indicates a major bottleneck.

Common Buffers and Metrics to Watch:

Program Buffer (PXA):
- Swaps: Most critical metric. If consistently increasing, especially during peak hours, it indicates abap/buffersize is too small.
Extended Memory (EM):
- Free %: Should not be consistently low.
- Swap Area Used: Should be minimal or zero. If it's increasing, it indicates a lack of extended memory or excessive heap usage.
- rdisp/roll_max_size / ztta/roll_area: Associated with roll segment usage.
- abap/heap_area_dia / abap/heap_area_total: Associated with private mode.
Generic Buffer (Roll/Paging):
- Swaps: Indicates rdisp/ROLL_MAX_AREA or rdisp/PG_MAX_AREA are too small, or excessive paging activity.
Database Buffers: (Not managed by SAP directly, but impact ST02's "Database Calls" and ST04). ST02 also reports database buffer hit ratios. Low hit ratios mean more physical I/O to the database, slowing down performance.

Actions and Features in ST02:

Reset: Resets the statistics for all buffers. Useful for fresh analysis after parameter changes or troubleshooting.
Current Parameters: Displays the current values of relevant memory parameters.
Database: Accesses database buffer statistics (similar to DB02 or database-specific tools).
Detail Analysis: Double-click on a buffer to see more detailed statistics.
History: View historical data for buffer usage.
Swap Space/Paging File: Provides direct link to ST06 for OS-level swap/paging file monitoring.

Important Considerations/Best Practices for ST02:

Regular Monitoring: Check ST02 daily, especially after parameter changes or during performance complaints.
Baselining: Understand your system's normal buffer hit ratios and swap rates.
Correlation with Other Tools:
- SM50/SM66: If work processes frequently go into "Priv" status, it directly relates to extended memory and heap memory parameters.
- ST03N: High "Roll In/Out Time" or "Load/Gen Time" in ST03N often points to undersized buffers in ST02.
- ST06: High OS-level swap usage or memory utilization in ST06 complements ST02's findings on memory exhaustion.
Tune in Increments: When adjusting memory parameters, do so in small, controlled increments. Large jumps can cause instability or resource waste.
Restart Required: Most memory parameter changes require an SAP instance restart to take effect.
Physical RAM is King: Ensure your server has sufficient physical RAM. No amount of parameter tuning can compensate for a severe lack of physical memory.
Don't Over-Allocate: While increasing buffer sizes can improve performance, over-allocating memory can lead to OS-level paging or memory starvation for other processes if not enough physical RAM is available.

Important Configurations to Keep in Mind (Memory Management)

These parameters are primarily set in the SAP instance profile using RZ10. Changes typically require an SAP instance restart.

Extended Memory (EM):
- em/initial_size_MB: Initial size of the extended memory pool allocated when the instance starts. (Crucial)
- em/max_size_MB: Maximum size to which the extended memory can grow.
- em/address_space_MB: Limits the addressable extended memory on some OS.
- Configuration Note: This is the most frequently tuned memory parameter. If ST02 shows low free EM or increasing EM "Swap Area Used," increase em/initial_size_MB. If users are often going into "Priv" mode, check this and heap memory.
Heap Memory (Private Memory):
- abap/heap_area_dia: Maximum heap memory a dialog work process can consume before it's terminated.
- abap/heap_area_nondia: Maximum heap memory a non-dialog work process (BTC, UPD, SPO) can consume.
- abap/heap_area_total: Total heap memory available for all work processes on the instance.
- Configuration Note: These parameters limit individual work process memory consumption. If "Priv" mode (in SM50) is frequent, and em/initial_size_MB is already sufficient, you might need to increase these. However, large heap usage usually points to inefficient ABAP programs (e.g., loading entire tables into internal tables).
Program Buffer (PXA Buffer):
- abap/buffersize: Size of the program buffer in KB.
- Configuration Note: If ST02 shows high "Swaps" for the "Program buffer" (PXA), increase abap/buffersize.
Roll and Paging Buffers/Areas:
- ztta/roll_area: Default roll area size allocated to a user context in a work process.
- rdisp/roll_max_size: Maximum size of the roll segment in the roll buffer.
- rdisp/roll_is_paged: Determines if roll area is paged to disk.
- rdisp/PG_MAX_SIZE: Maximum size of the paging area in blocks.
- rdisp/max_comm_slots: Number of communication slots for shared memory.
- Configuration Note: High swaps/misses for "Generic Buffer" (Roll/Paging Area) typically indicate these parameters are too small.
Database Buffers (Monitored in ST02, configured at DB level):
- While not SAP profile parameters, the underlying database's buffers (e.g., data buffer, log buffer, shared pool) are critical. ST02 shows their hit ratios.
- Configuration Note: If database buffer hit ratios are consistently low (e.g., < 90-95%), consult your DBA to tune database parameters.
Operating System Swap/Paging File:
- Configuration Note: Ensure the OS swap space is sufficiently sized (e.g., 2-3 times physical RAM, depending on OS and SAP recommendations) but primarily aim to keep physical RAM utilization high and swap usage low. Monitor with ST06.

30 Interview Questions and Answers (One-Liner) for ST02

Q: What is the primary purpose of ST02?
- A: To monitor and analyze SAP application server memory buffers and areas.
Q: What does a "Red" status in ST02 for a buffer indicate?
- A: A critical memory bottleneck or buffer overflow.
Q: Which buffer in ST02 stores compiled ABAP programs?
- A: Program Buffer (PXA Buffer).
Q: What does high "swaps" for the Program Buffer signify?
- A: The abap/buffersize parameter is too small.
Q: What is "Extended Memory (EM)" used for in SAP?
- A: A shared memory area for user contexts and data.
Q: What happens when a dialog work process exhausts its Extended Memory?
- A: It enters "Priv" (private) mode and uses Heap Memory.
Q: Which profile parameter sets the initial size of Extended Memory?
- A: em/initial_size_MB.
Q: What is "Heap Memory" (Private Memory)?
- A: Memory allocated individually to a work process, not shared.
Q: Why is extensive use of "Priv" mode undesirable?
- A: It's inefficient, as private memory cannot be shared or reused by other work processes.
Q: What do "Roll Area" and "Paging Area" store?
- A: User context data for frequent changes and large internal tables, respectively.
Q: What does a low "Hit Ratio" for a buffer in ST02 mean?
- A: Data is frequently not found in the buffer and has to be reloaded, causing performance degradation.
Q: Which transaction can you use to see if work processes are in "Priv" status?
- A: SM50 or SM66.
Q: Should you tune memory parameters in large increments?
- A: No, tune in small, controlled increments.
Q: Do most memory parameter changes require an instance restart?
- A: Yes, most do.
Q: What is the primary cause of high "Roll In/Out Time" in ST03N?
- A: Insufficient Roll or Paging Area.
Q: Which parameter defines the Program Buffer size?
- A: abap/buffersize.
Q: What are "Nametab Buffers" used for?
- A: Storing definitions of database tables and fields.
Q: Where can you see OS-level swap space usage related to ST02's memory overview?
- A: ST06 (OS Monitor).
Q: If ST02 shows green, but users complain of slow performance, what might be the issue?
- A: Bottleneck might be at the OS level (CPU, Disk I/O) or Database, not necessarily memory buffers.
Q: Can you reset ST02 statistics? If so, how?
- A: Yes, via the "Reset" button.
Q: What parameters limit the heap memory for dialog and non-dialog processes?
- A: abap/heap_area_dia and abap/heap_area_nondia.
Q: What happens if enque/table_size is too small (related to ST02 indirectly)?
- A: Enqueue table overflow, preventing new locks and causing transaction failures.
Q: Why is having sufficient physical RAM important for SAP memory management?
- A: No amount of parameter tuning can overcome a fundamental lack of physical RAM.
Q: What does em/max_size_MB control?
- A: The maximum size to which extended memory can grow.
Q: What is the "Generic Buffer" (GEN_BUFFER) used for?
- A: Storing frequently accessed generic data objects.
Q: How can you check current memory parameter values from ST02?
- A: Go to "Current Parameters" from the menu.
Q: What is the ideal hit ratio for most buffers in ST02?
- A: Ideally above 95% (closer to 98-99% for PXA, Nametabs).
Q: What's the main goal of tuning memory parameters in ST02?
- A: To minimize swaps/misses and maximize hit ratios for all buffers.
Q: When would you consider increasing rdisp/roll_max_size or rdisp/PG_MAX_SIZE?
- A: If "Generic Buffer" shows high swaps.
Q: Does ST02 manage database buffers directly?
- A: No, it displays their hit ratio, but they are configured at the database level.

15 Scenario-Based Hard Questions and Answers for ST02

Scenario: During a major month-end closing process, users complain of extreme slowness, and some dialog work processes in SM50 show "Priv" status for extended periods. In ST02, you see that "Extended Memory (EM)" has very low "Free" percentage, and "Swap Area Used" for EM is increasing rapidly.
- Q: What is the primary bottleneck, what parameter would you adjust, and what's the immediate risk if not addressed?
- A:
  - Primary Bottleneck: Extended Memory exhaustion. Work processes are consuming all available extended memory and are forced into inefficient private mode.
  - Parameter Adjustment: Increase em/initial_size_MB (and potentially em/max_size_MB if the initial size is already close to max).
  - Immediate Risk: System instability, more work processes going into "Priv" mode, eventually leading to work process termination (dumps) or even system crashes if the OS runs out of swap space.
Scenario: You've increased em/initial_size_MB based on a previous analysis, but now ST06 shows high "OS Swap Space Used," and the physical RAM utilization is at 99%. Users are still reporting slowness, despite ST02 showing healthy SAP buffers.
- Q: What is the underlying issue now, and what does this scenario highlight about memory tuning?
- A:
  - Underlying Issue: The increase in SAP's extended memory (or other SAP buffers) has pushed the overall memory consumption beyond the physical RAM available on the OS, forcing the OS to aggressively swap. The bottleneck has shifted from SAP's internal memory to the OS physical memory.
  - Highlight: This highlights that you cannot simply increase SAP parameters indefinitely. SAP memory tuning must always be done in conjunction with monitoring OS-level memory (ST06) and ensuring sufficient physical RAM. You are now CPU/I/O bound due to excessive paging at the OS level.
Scenario: You observe that "Program Buffer (PXA)" in ST02 shows a very high number of "Swaps" (e.g., hundreds of thousands per day), but its "Free" percentage is still reasonable. Response times (ST03N) show high "Load and Generation Time."
- Q: What is the primary cause of these swaps despite "Free" space, and what action would you take?
- A:
  - Primary Cause: The abap/buffersize (PXA buffer size) is too small. While there might be "free" space at a given moment, the rate of program loading and replacement (swapping out older programs to make space for new ones) is very high because the buffer is not large enough to hold all frequently accessed programs simultaneously. This indicates that a significant number of programs are frequently being loaded and flushed.
  - Action: Increase abap/buffersize in the instance profile (RZ10) and restart the application server.
Scenario: After a kernel upgrade, you notice a sudden increase in "Roll In/Out Time" in ST03N and a rise in "Swaps" for the "Generic Buffer" in ST02. No other memory parameters were changed.
- Q: What could be the most likely reason for this, and how would you start troubleshooting?
- A:
  - Likely Reason: The new kernel version might have changed memory consumption patterns, or the default rdisp/roll_max_size and rdisp/PG_MAX_SIZE (which influence the generic buffer) are no longer optimal for the new kernel's memory requirements or the system's workload.
  - Troubleshooting:
    1. Check Kernel Release Notes: Review the kernel release notes for any known memory consumption changes or recommendations for memory parameters.
    2. Verify Parameter Values: Confirm that rdisp/roll_max_size and rdisp/PG_MAX_SIZE are set to recommended values for your new kernel version.
    3. Increase Parameters: Incrementally increase rdisp/roll_max_size and rdisp/PG_MAX_SIZE based on the ST02 "Swaps" in the Generic Buffer.
    4. Monitor ST03N/SM50: Observe if "Roll In/Out Time" decreases and if work processes are still performing optimally.
Scenario: Your system occasionally experiences dumps with "TSV_TNEW_PAGE_ALLOC_FAILED" errors for specific batch jobs. When these dumps occur, you see that the "Paging Area (PXA)" in ST02 has reached its "Max Use" capacity, and the "Used" value is very high.
- Q: What is the cause of these dumps, and what parameter needs adjustment?
- A:
  - Cause: The batch jobs are attempting to allocate internal tables or large data structures that exceed the configured size of the Paging Area, leading to a memory allocation failure.
  - Parameter Adjustment: Increase rdisp/PG_MAX_SIZE (Paging Area size) in the instance profile (RZ10).
Scenario: ST02 shows consistently low free memory for "Extended Memory (EM)," and you decide to increase em/initial_size_MB. After the restart, you monitor again, but the free EM is still low, although performance has slightly improved. You notice that the abap/heap_area_total max use is also very high, and some non-dialog work processes frequently terminate with memory errors.
- Q: What's the new insight, and which additional parameter(s) need attention?
- A:
  - New Insight: While EM might be exhausted, the primary issue is likely heavy use of heap memory by certain programs, specifically non-dialog processes, which are hitting their heap limits. Increasing em/initial_size_MB helped slightly but didn't solve the core problem of heap consumption.
  - Additional Parameter(s):
    1. abap/heap_area_nondia: Increase this to allow non-dialog processes more individual heap memory.
    2. abap/heap_area_total: Increase this to ensure enough total heap memory is available across all work processes.
  - Further Action: Identify the specific batch jobs/reports causing high heap usage (via ST03N or reviewing batch job logs for dumps) and work with developers to optimize their memory consumption.
Scenario: During a major data archiving run, you notice that the "Database Buffer" hit ratio reported in ST02 drops significantly (e.g., from 99% to 70%), and ST04 shows high "physical reads."
- Q: What is happening, and where would you primarily focus your troubleshooting efforts?
- A:
  - What's Happening: The archiving run is accessing a large volume of data that is not currently in the database's buffer. The low hit ratio means the database has to frequently read blocks from disk instead of memory, leading to increased I/O and slower performance.
  - Troubleshooting Focus: Primarily focus on the Database level (ST04/DB02 and database-specific tools).
    1. DB Buffer Sizing: Consult with the DBA to review and potentially increase the size of the database's data buffer cache.
    2. Indexing: Check if the archiving program's access patterns could benefit from additional or optimized database indexes.
    3. Archiving Strategy: Review the archiving strategy itself; perhaps it needs to be broken into smaller chunks or executed during off-peak hours.
Scenario: Your SAP system is running on a Unix/Linux server. After a prolonged period of high activity, the system becomes unresponsive. When you finally get to the console, you see errors related to "shared memory segment creation failed." In ST02, the "Extended Memory" max use is very close to its em/max_size_MB limit.
- Q: What is the core issue here, and what OS-level and SAP parameters are relevant?
- A:
  - Core Issue: SAP is attempting to allocate more shared memory (specifically for Extended Memory) but is hitting OS-level limits for shared memory segments.
  - Relevant Parameters:
    1. SAP: em/max_size_MB (potentially needs to be lowered if the OS limit is hit first, or reconsidered relative to total OS shared memory).
    2. OS (Unix/Linux):
      - shmmax: Maximum size of a single shared memory segment.
      - shmall: Total amount of shared memory available system-wide.
      - shmmni: Maximum number of shared memory segments.
  - Action: Adjust the OS kernel parameters (shmmax, shmall, shmmni) to allow for larger shared memory allocations for SAP. This usually requires a reboot of the OS.
Scenario: You implemented changes to abap/buffersize and em/initial_size_MB following recommendations from an SAP Note. After the instance restart, ST02 still shows some yellow warnings, and the "Max Use" for these buffers is still very high. Performance has marginally improved.
- Q: What crucial step might you have overlooked regarding the ST02 data, and how does it impact your analysis?
- A:
  - Overlooked Step: You likely did not reset the ST02 statistics after the parameter changes and instance restart.
  - Impact: The "Max Use" values in ST02 reflect the peak usage since the last reset or instance restart. If you didn't reset, the high "Max Use" values are still showing the peaks from before your parameter changes, making it difficult to accurately assess the impact of your tuning. The yellow warnings might also be remnants of the previous insufficient sizing.
  - Action: After an instance restart (or significant parameter change), always reset ST02 statistics to get a clean baseline for monitoring the effectiveness of your changes.
Scenario: Users occasionally report "memory overflow" short dumps (SYSTEM_NO_ROLL_MEMORY or TSV_NO_ROLL_MEMORY). In ST02, you see "Swaps" in the "Generic Buffer" (Paging Area) increase during these times, and "Roll Area" "Max Use" is frequently reaching rdisp/roll_max_size.
- Q: What is the immediate memory issue causing these dumps, and what two parameters are directly implicated?
- A:
  - Immediate Memory Issue: The system is running out of roll memory (for user context data) or paging memory (for internal tables that exceed roll/extended memory limits).
  - Directly Implicated Parameters:
    1. rdisp/roll_max_size: The maximum size of the roll segment in the roll buffer.
    2. rdisp/PG_MAX_SIZE: The maximum size of the paging area.
  - Action: Increase both rdisp/roll_max_size and rdisp/PG_MAX_SIZE incrementally. Also, consider the ztta/roll_area parameter.
Scenario: You are analyzing ST02 on a pure ABAP instance. You notice that "Extended Memory (EM)" usage is very low, even during peak hours, and work processes are frequently switching between DIA and BTC (running background jobs interactively). The system feels sluggish.
- Q: What could be a misconfiguration related to EM, and how might it affect performance despite low EM usage?
- A:
  - Misconfiguration: em/initial_size_MB might be set too high, leading to wasted memory that could be used by the OS or other processes. Or, if abap/heap_area_dia is set very low, processes might be prematurely going to heap.
  - Performance Effect: If EM is very large and underutilized, it might be consuming physical RAM that could be better used by other OS processes or the database, forcing them to swap. Also, if there are issues with abap/heap_area_dia causing premature "Priv" mode, the system becomes inefficient. While EM itself isn't full, its over-provisioning could lead to overall OS memory pressure. This scenario implies looking at the efficiency of memory usage, not just exhaustion.
Scenario: Your SAP system is running on a cloud VM. You've tuned all SAP memory parameters based on recommendations, and ST02 shows green. However, users still report periodic slowness, and ST06 (OS Monitor) occasionally shows spikes in "Disk I/O" without corresponding "CPU Wait" spikes.
- Q: What could be a hidden memory-related bottleneck specific to virtualized environments?
- A:
  - Hidden Bottleneck: Memory overcommitment/contention at the hypervisor level. While your VM might be allocated sufficient virtual RAM, the underlying physical host might be oversubscribed, leading to the hypervisor swapping or ballooning memory from your VM. This manifests as unexpected disk I/O from the guest OS without direct CPU wait (as the wait is at the hypervisor level).
  - Action: Consult with the cloud provider or virtualization administrator to check the physical host's memory utilization and ensure dedicated or reserved memory is provided to your SAP VM to prevent memory overcommitment.
Scenario: You observe in ST02 that the "Database Buffer" hit ratio for your Oracle database is consistently around 85%, which is lower than the recommended 95%+. You know that the database instance has enough physical memory allocated.
- Q: What does this low hit ratio indicate, and what kind of actions would the DBA typically take, which you as Basis would request?
- A:
  - Indication: The database's data buffer cache is not large enough to hold the frequently accessed data blocks, leading to excessive physical reads from disk.
  - DBA Actions (Basis Request):
    1. Increase DB Buffer Cache: Request the DBA to increase the relevant database buffer cache parameter (e.g., DB_CACHE_SIZE for Oracle).
    2. Analyze SQL: Request the DBA to analyze expensive SQL statements (which you might identify from ST03N's "SQL Statement Profile") to see if they are performing full table scans or inefficient joins, leading to more data being pulled into the buffer than necessary.
    3. Indexing: Suggest reviewing indexes for frequently accessed tables.
    4. Database Statistics: Ensure database optimizer statistics are up-to-date.
Scenario: You have a specific custom ABAP report that when executed, causes the "Program Buffer (PXA)" in ST02 to drop its free percentage drastically and immediately incurs a high number of swaps. Once the report finishes, the buffer returns to normal.
- Q: What is the specific characteristic of this report causing this behavior, and what is the ideal solution?
- A:
  - Characteristic: This report likely generates or loads a very large number of distinct ABAP objects (programs, screens, function groups) or has many variations (due to dynamic programming). When it runs, it flushes out other programs from the PXA buffer to make space, causing high swaps for those flushed objects.
  - Ideal Solution:
    1. ABAP Optimization: The primary solution is to work with the ABAP developer to optimize the report to reduce the number of objects it loads or generates dynamically. This might involve consolidating code, reducing includes, or optimizing screen calls.
    2. PXA Sizing: As a workaround or secondary measure, increase abap/buffersize in the instance profile to accommodate the additional load, but the core issue is the report's design.
Scenario: You are performing a system copy for a QA system. The source system (Production) has a large em/initial_size_MB parameter. When setting up the target QA system on a smaller VM, you copy the profile parameters as-is. The QA system instance starts, but then crashes immediately or fails to start with "Cannot allocate shared memory segment" errors.
- Q: What is the most probable cause of the immediate crash, and what is your immediate corrective action?
- A:
  - Most Probable Cause: The em/initial_size_MB value from the Production system (which has larger physical RAM) is too high for the smaller QA VM's available physical RAM or OS-level shared memory limits. The SAP instance tries to allocate this huge block of Extended Memory at startup and fails, leading to a crash.
  - Immediate Corrective Action:
    1. Reduce em/initial_size_MB: In the instance profile (or START profile if em/initial_size_MB is defined there) for the QA system, significantly reduce the value of em/initial_size_MB to a safe, much smaller size that the QA VM can definitely accommodate (e.g., a few hundred MB or 1GB, depending on VM size).
    2. Restart Instance: Attempt to restart the SAP instance.
    3. Further Tuning: Once the instance is stable, then use ST02 and ST06 to gradually tune the memory parameters for the QA system's specific resources.
    4. OS Shared Memory: If still failing, check OS-level shared memory parameters (e.g., shmmax, shmall on Unix/Linux) to ensure they are configured correctly for the VM's resources.

Rakshit Ranjan Singh

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